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汽车的发展历史
第一台蒸汽机
The first steam engine
1712年，英国人托马斯·纽科门发明了不依靠人和动物来做功而是靠机械做功的蒸汽机，被称为纽科门蒸汽机。
In 1712, the British Thomas Neen invented the steam engine to work but by mechanical work does not depend on human and animal, known as the Newcomen steam engine.
1757年，木匠出身的技工詹姆斯·瓦特被英国格拉斯戈大学聘为实验室技师，有机会接触纽科门蒸汽机，并对纽科门的蒸汽机产生了兴趣。1769年，瓦特与博尔顿合作，发明了装有冷凝器的蒸汽机。1774年11月，他俩又合作制造了真正意义的蒸汽机。蒸汽机曾推动了机械工业甚至社会的发展，并为汽轮机和内燃机的发展奠定了基础。
In 1757, a carpenter born mechanic James Watt was hired as the UK Glasgow University laboratory technicians, have the opportunity to contact the Newcomen steam engine, and interest in the Newcomen steam engine on. In 1769, Walter worked with Bolton to invent a steam engine with a condenser. In November 1774, they worked together to create a real steam engine. The steam engine has promoted the development of the machinery industry and even the society, and laid the foundation for the development of steam turbines and internal combustion engines.
蒸汽汽车诞生
The birth of a steam car
1769年，法国人N·J·居纽制造了世界上第一辆蒸汽驱动的三轮汽车。这辆汽车被命名为"卡布奥雷"，车长 7.32m ，车高 2.2m ，车架上放置着一个像梨一样的大锅炉，前轮直径 1.28米 ，后轮直径 1.50米 ，前进时靠前轮控制方向，每前进12~15min需停车加热15min，运行速度3.5~ 3.9km/h 。1771年造出第二部车，没有真正跑过，现置于法国巴黎国家艺术馆展出。尽管居纽的这项发明失败了，但却是古代交通运输(以人、畜或帆为动力)与近代交通运输(动力机械驱动)的分水岭，具有划时代的意义。
In 1769, the French N J in Newfoundland produced the world's first steam driven three wheeled vehicle. This car is named "Cab Ole", car 7.32m, car 2.2M, frame is placed on a pear as large as the boiler, the rear wheel diameter of 1.28 meters, 1.50 meters in diameter, advancing front control direction, each need to stop heating forward 12~15min 15min, running speed of 3.5 ~ 3.9km/h. In 1771, second cars were created, and they were not really run. They are now on display at the National Art Museum in Paris, France. Although the invention of the Newfoundland failed, but the ancient transportation (by people or livestock or sail powered) and modern transportation (dynamic mechanical drive) of the watershed, is of epoch-making significance.
到1804年，脱威迪克又设计并制造了一辆蒸汽汽车，这辆汽车还拉着10T重的货物在铁路上行使了 15.7km 。
By 1804, Vidic had designed and built a steam car, which also pulled the 10T heavy cargo on the railway 15.7km.
1825年，英国人斯瓦底·嘉内制造了一辆蒸汽公共汽车，18座，车速为 19km/h ，开始了世界上最早的公共汽车运营。 [斯瓦底·嘉内制造的蒸汽公共汽车] 斯瓦底·嘉内制造的蒸汽公共汽车
In 1825, Swaddy Garne, the British man, made a steam bus, 18 seats, at a speed of 19km/h, which started the world's earliest bus operation. [Siwadi - Jianei manufacturing Siwadi - Jianei steam bus] made steam bus
1831年，美国的史沃奇·古勒将一台蒸汽汽车投入运输，相距15km 格斯特和切罗腾哈姆之间便出现了有规律的运输服务。
In 1831, Schwoch Guler of the United States will be a steam car into the transport distance between 15km and gesite cut ham appeared Luo Teng regular transport service.
后来，蒸气机发展成为铁道车辆和船舶使用的外燃动力源，人们在为汽车寻找功率体积比、功率重量比高的轻便动力装置。
Later, the steam engine developed into an external power source for railway vehicles and ships. People are looking for a portable power device with high power to volume ratio and high power to weight ratio for cars.
内燃机的发明
The invention of the internal combustion engine
1794年，英国人斯垂特首次提出了把燃料和空气混合形成可燃混合气以供燃烧的设想。
In 1794, the British man Slote first proposed the idea of mixing fuel and air to form combustible mixture for combustion.
1801年，法国人勒本提出了煤气机的原理。
In 1801, the French Le Bon put forward the principle of gas engine.
1824年，法国热力工程师萨迪·卡诺在《关于火力动力及其发生的内燃机考察》一书中，揭示了"卡诺循环"的学说。
In 1824, Sadi Cano, a French thermodynamic engineer, revealed the theory of the "Kano cycle" in the book on thermal power and the investigation of internal combustion engines.
1859年，法国的勒努瓦用煤气和空气混合气取代往复式蒸气机的蒸气，通过电火花点火爆发燃烧，制成二冲程煤气内燃机，法国和英国都制造了一小批。
In 1859, the French Lenoir gas and air mixed gas instead of steam reciprocating steam engine, the outbreak of combustion ignition by electric spark, made of two stroke gas engine, France and Britain have made a small.
1861年，法国的德·罗夏提出了进气、压缩、作功、排气等容燃烧的四冲程内燃机工作循环方式，于1862年1月16日被法国当局授予了专利。
In 1861, de Rochat of France proposed a four stroke internal combustion engine working cycle with intake, compression, work and exhaust. It was awarded the patent by the French authorities in January 16, 1862.
1866年，德国工程师尼古拉斯·奥托成功地试制出动力史上有划时代意义的立式四冲程内燃机。1876年，又试制出第一台实用的活塞式四冲程煤气内燃机。这台单缸卧式功率为2.9kw的煤气机，压缩比为2.5，转速为250r/min。这台内燃机被称为奥托内燃机而闻名于世。奥托于 1877年8月4日获得专利。后来，人们一直将四冲程循环称为奥托循环。奥托以内燃机奠基人载入史册，其发明为汽车的发明奠定了基础。
In 1866, German engineer Nicholas Otto successfully developed an epoch-making vertical four stroke internal combustion engine in the history of power. In 1876, the first practical piston type four stroke gas engine was developed. The single cylinder horizontal power is 2.9kW, with a compression ratio of 2.5 and a speed of 250r/min. The internal combustion engine is known as the Otto internal combustion engine. Otto was patented in August 4, 1877. Later, the four - stroke cycle was called the Otto cycle. Otto took the history of the founder of the internal combustion engine, and its invention laid the foundation for the invention of the car.
The first steam engine
1712年，英国人托马斯·纽科门发明了不依靠人和动物来做功而是靠机械做功的蒸汽机，被称为纽科门蒸汽机。
In 1712, the British Thomas Neen invented the steam engine to work but by mechanical work does not depend on human and animal, known as the Newcomen steam engine.
1757年，木匠出身的技工詹姆斯·瓦特被英国格拉斯戈大学聘为实验室技师，有机会接触纽科门蒸汽机，并对纽科门的蒸汽机产生了兴趣。1769年，瓦特与博尔顿合作，发明了装有冷凝器的蒸汽机。1774年11月，他俩又合作制造了真正意义的蒸汽机。蒸汽机曾推动了机械工业甚至社会的发展，并为汽轮机和内燃机的发展奠定了基础。
In 1757, a carpenter born mechanic James Watt was hired as the UK Glasgow University laboratory technicians, have the opportunity to contact the Newcomen steam engine, and interest in the Newcomen steam engine on. In 1769, Walter worked with Bolton to invent a steam engine with a condenser. In November 1774, they worked together to create a real steam engine. The steam engine has promoted the development of the machinery industry and even the society, and laid the foundation for the development of steam turbines and internal combustion engines.
蒸汽汽车诞生
The birth of a steam car
1769年，法国人N·J·居纽制造了世界上第一辆蒸汽驱动的三轮汽车。这辆汽车被命名为"卡布奥雷"，车长 7.32m ，车高 2.2m ，车架上放置着一个像梨一样的大锅炉，前轮直径 1.28米 ，后轮直径 1.50米 ，前进时靠前轮控制方向，每前进12~15min需停车加热15min，运行速度3.5~ 3.9km/h 。1771年造出第二部车，没有真正跑过，现置于法国巴黎国家艺术馆展出。尽管居纽的这项发明失败了，但却是古代交通运输(以人、畜或帆为动力)与近代交通运输(动力机械驱动)的分水岭，具有划时代的意义。
In 1769, the French N J in Newfoundland produced the world's first steam driven three wheeled vehicle. This car is named "Cab Ole", car 7.32m, car 2.2M, frame is placed on a pear as large as the boiler, the rear wheel diameter of 1.28 meters, 1.50 meters in diameter, advancing front control direction, each need to stop heating forward 12~15min 15min, running speed of 3.5 ~ 3.9km/h. In 1771, second cars were created, and they were not really run. They are now on display at the National Art Museum in Paris, France. Although the invention of the Newfoundland failed, but the ancient transportation (by people or livestock or sail powered) and modern transportation (dynamic mechanical drive) of the watershed, is of epoch-making significance.
到1804年，脱威迪克又设计并制造了一辆蒸汽汽车，这辆汽车还拉着10T重的货物在铁路上行使了 15.7km 。
By 1804, Vidic had designed and built a steam car, which also pulled the 10T heavy cargo on the railway 15.7km.
1825年，英国人斯瓦底·嘉内制造了一辆蒸汽公共汽车，18座，车速为 19km/h ，开始了世界上最早的公共汽车运营。 [斯瓦底·嘉内制造的蒸汽公共汽车] 斯瓦底·嘉内制造的蒸汽公共汽车
In 1825, Swaddy Garne, the British man, made a steam bus, 18 seats, at a speed of 19km/h, which started the world's earliest bus operation. [Siwadi - Jianei manufacturing Siwadi - Jianei steam bus] made steam bus
1831年，美国的史沃奇·古勒将一台蒸汽汽车投入运输，相距15km 格斯特和切罗腾哈姆之间便出现了有规律的运输服务。
In 1831, Schwoch Guler of the United States will be a steam car into the transport distance between 15km and gesite cut ham appeared Luo Teng regular transport service.
后来，蒸气机发展成为铁道车辆和船舶使用的外燃动力源，人们在为汽车寻找功率体积比、功率重量比高的轻便动力装置。
Later, the steam engine developed into an external power source for railway vehicles and ships. People are looking for a portable power device with high power to volume ratio and high power to weight ratio for cars.
内燃机的发明
The invention of the internal combustion engine
1794年，英国人斯垂特首次提出了把燃料和空气混合形成可燃混合气以供燃烧的设想。
In 1794, the British man Slote first proposed the idea of mixing fuel and air to form combustible mixture for combustion.
1801年，法国人勒本提出了煤气机的原理。
In 1801, the French Le Bon put forward the principle of gas engine.
1824年，法国热力工程师萨迪·卡诺在《关于火力动力及其发生的内燃机考察》一书中，揭示了"卡诺循环"的学说。
In 1824, Sadi Cano, a French thermodynamic engineer, revealed the theory of the "Kano cycle" in the book on thermal power and the investigation of internal combustion engines.
1859年，法国的勒努瓦用煤气和空气混合气取代往复式蒸气机的蒸气，通过电火花点火爆发燃烧，制成二冲程煤气内燃机，法国和英国都制造了一小批。
In 1859, the French Lenoir gas and air mixed gas instead of steam reciprocating steam engine, the outbreak of combustion ignition by electric spark, made of two stroke gas engine, France and Britain have made a small.
1861年，法国的德·罗夏提出了进气、压缩、作功、排气等容燃烧的四冲程内燃机工作循环方式，于1862年1月16日被法国当局授予了专利。
In 1861, de Rochat of France proposed a four stroke internal combustion engine working cycle with intake, compression, work and exhaust. It was awarded the patent by the French authorities in January 16, 1862.
1866年，德国工程师尼古拉斯·奥托成功地试制出动力史上有划时代意义的立式四冲程内燃机。1876年，又试制出第一台实用的活塞式四冲程煤气内燃机。这台单缸卧式功率为2.9kw的煤气机，压缩比为2.5，转速为250r/min。这台内燃机被称为奥托内燃机而闻名于世。奥托于 1877年8月4日获得专利。后来，人们一直将四冲程循环称为奥托循环。奥托以内燃机奠基人载入史册，其发明为汽车的发明奠定了基础。
In 1866, German engineer Nicholas Otto successfully developed an epoch-making vertical four stroke internal combustion engine in the history of power. In 1876, the first practical piston type four stroke gas engine was developed. The single cylinder horizontal power is 2.9kW, with a compression ratio of 2.5 and a speed of 250r/min. The internal combustion engine is known as the Otto internal combustion engine. Otto was patented in August 4, 1877. Later, the four - stroke cycle was called the Otto cycle. Otto took the history of the founder of the internal combustion engine, and its invention laid the foundation for the invention of the car.
